Advances in Quantum Computing Error Correction: A Systematic Review
Quantum error correction (QEC) is essential for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computation. This systematic review examines recent developments in QEC techniques, analysing their effectiveness across different qubit architectures including superconducting qubits, trapped ions, and topological qubits. We analyse over 150 papers published between 2021 and 2025, categorising approaches into surface codes, color codes, and concatenated codes. Our findings indicate that surface codes remain the most promising approach for near-term devices, while topological approaches show potential for longer-term scalability. Key findings include: (1) threshold error rates have improved by 40% over the past three years, (2) resource overhead for logical qubits has decreased significantly, and (3) hybrid classical-quantum approaches offer practical advantages for current NISQ devices.